85. What is one of the main outputs of the initiation process?

A. 　affiliation

B. 　advancement

C. 　power

D. 　achievement

A. 　Spiral life cycle

B. 　Waterfall life cycle

C. 　Prototyping life cycle

D. 　RAD life cycle

A. 　Gantt chart

B. 　critical path analysis

C. 　resource breakdown structure

D. 　arrow diagramming method

A. 　The degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external
environment

B. 　The degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee employee
behavior

C. 　The degree to which management focuses on outcomes rather than on techniques and
processes used to achieve results

D. 　The degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative, and risk
seeking

A. 　empathy

B. 　democracy

C. 　mirroring

D. 　rapport

A. 　defining how the work will be accomplished

B. 　breaking down the work into manageable elements

C. 　finalizing the project requirements

D. 　assigning work responsibilities

A. 　They focus on short-term objectives.

B. 　They work on achieving primarily tactical goals.

C. 　They work solely toward day-to-day details of meeting specific tasks.

D. 　They inspire people to reach goals.

A. 　early finish date

B. 　late finish date

C. 　late start date

D. 　early start date

A. 　analogy

B. 　bottom-up

C. 　top-down

D. 　mind mapping

A. 　In the early phases of a project life cycle, resource needs are usually lowest.

B. 　In the later phases of the project life cycle, the level of uncertainty is usually the highest.

C. 　It is much more expensive to make major changes to a project during the earlier phases
than the latter phases.

D. 　More resources are usually needed during the initial phases of a project than during the
middle or final phases.