4、The most common precipitating factors of hepatic encephalopathy are as follows, except for( )

A. 　30%

B. 　20%

C. 　35%

D. 　10%

E. 　50%

A. 　Duration of ischemia

B. 　Collateral circulation

C. 　Dependency on oxygen supply

D. 　Condition of reperfusion

E. 　Organ transplantation

A. 　Acetylcholine

B. 　Glutamate

C. 　Glutamine

D. 　Norepinephrine

E. 　Gamma-aminobutyric acid

A. 　Isotonic dehydration without treatment may become hypertonic dehydration

B. 　Isotonic dehydration may become hypotonic dehydration if treated by infusing pure water

C. 　Isotonic fluid loss can cause isotonic dehydration in a short time

D. 　Simple isotonic dehydration is not common in the clinic

E. 　Serum [Na+] is decreased, plasma osmotic pressure is normal

A. 　the increase of heat production and decrease of heat loss

B. 　the balance between heat production and heat loss

C. 　the decrease of heat production and increase of heat loss

D. 　the increase of heat production and heat loss

E. 　the decrease of heat production and heat loss

A. 　↑excitability,↑conductivity,↑automaticity,↑contractibility

B. 　↑excitability,↓conductivity,↑automaticity,↑contractibility

C. 　↓excitability,↓conductivity,↓automaticity,↓contractibility

D. 　↓excitability,↑conductivity,↓automaticity,↑contractibility

E. 　↑excitability,↓conductivity,↑automaticity,↓contractibility

A. 　 central airway obstruction

B. 　 peripheral airway obstruction

C. 　 ventilation/perfusion imbalance

D. 　 diminution of area and thickening of diffusion membrane

E. 　 respiratory muscular activity dysfunction

A. 　 Hyperthyroidism

B. 　 Anemia

C. 　 Deficiency of Vit、B1

D. 　 AV fistula

E. 　 Mitral stenosis

A. 　 Total volume of body fluid loss

B. 　 Total volume of ECF loss

C. 　Total volume of ICF loss

D. 　 Osmotic pressure of ECF

E. 　Osmotic pressure of ICF

A. 　1g/dl

B. 　3g/dl

C. 　5g/dl

D. 　7g/dl

E. 　9g/dl