2、Severe tissue injury may trigger DIC by( )

A. 　 Destruction of blood cells

B. 　 Activation of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation

C. 　Extensive damage of the vascular endothelial cells

D. 　Activation of intrinsic pathway of coagulation

E. 　 Activation of white blood cells

30、Which one of the following is the main mechanism for local edema in a patient bitten by an insect?( )

A. 　Capillary hydrostatic pressure is increased

B. 　Capillary permeability is increased

C. 　Plasma colloid osmotic pressure is decreased

D. 　Lymphatic return is decreased

E. 　Plasma crystal osmotic pressure is decreased

2、Which one can be used to evaluate the severity of cardiac failure?( )

A. 　 Rapidity of the onset of heart failure

B. 　 Symptoms and signs at rest and physical load

C. 　 Left or right heart failure

D. 　 Pressure overload or volume overload

E. 　 Whether cardiac output is lower than normal

16、Hyperpyrexia( ) with profuse sweating might result in which one of the following pathological processes?( )

A. 　hypovolemic hypernatremia

B. 　hypovolemic hyponatremia

C. 　hypervolemic hyponatremia

D. 　hypervolemic hypernatremia

E. 　normovolemic hyponatremia

F.

G.

H.

I.

J.

19、Which one of the following disorders of water and sodium metabolism might result in dehydration fever( )

A. 　Hypovolemic hypernatremia

B. 　Hypovolemic hyponatremia

C. 　Hypervolemic hyponatremia

D. 　Hypervolemic hypernatremia

E. 　Isovolemic hyponatremia

20、The characteristic of body fluid loss in hypovolemic hypernatremia is( )

A. 　Sodium loss>water loss,serum [Na+]<150mmo/L, plasma osmotic pressure<310mmol/L

B. 　Water loss>sodium loss, serum[Na+]>150mmol/L, plasma osmotic pressure>310mmo/L

C. 　Sodium loss>water loss, serum [Na+]>150mmol/L, plasma osmotic pressure>310mmol/L

D. 　Water loss>sodium loss, serum [Na+]<150mmolL, plasma osmotic pressure<310mmol/L

E. 　Sodium loss=water loss, both the serum [Na+] and plasma osmotic pressure are normal

23、The main dehydration compartment in hypovolemic hypernatremia is ( )

A. 　Interstitial fluid

B. 　Plasma

C. 　The 'third space' fluid

D. 　Extracellular fluid

E. 　Intracellular fluid

18、The commonest disorder of water and sodium metabolism during extreme weakness or coma is( )

A. 　Hyponatremia

B. 　Isotonic dehydration

C. 　Hypertonic dehydration

D. 　Hypotonic dehydration

E. 　Water intoxication

3、The routine pathways to excrete water from body are as follows except( )

A. 　 Feces

B. 　Metabolic water

C. 　Evaporation through the skin

D. 　Evaporation through the lung

E. 　 Urine

4、Oxygen free radicals can cause the structure alteration and dysfunction through nucleic acids and chromosome aberration、 The main effect is relation to( )

A. 　OH·

B. 　1O2

C. 　H202

D. 　NO

E. 　L·