4、Which parameter can reflect the actual [HCO -]?( )

A. 　cardiac arrest

B. 　dilated or fixed pupils

C. 　irreversible coma

D. 　the absence of brain stem reflexes

E. 　the cessation of spontaneous respiration

A. 　 aortic valve incompetence

B. 　 mitral incompetence

C. 　 tricuspid incompetence

D. 　 aortic valve stenosis

E. 　 high-output states

A. 　Kidney

B. 　Lung

C. 　Endocrine system

D. 　Nervous system

E. 　Nervous system and endocrine system

A. 　Cirrhosis

B. 　Severe malnutrition (dystrophy)

C. 　Anemia

D. 　Malignant tumor

E. 　Nephrotic syndrome

A. 　Activation of factor XII

B. 　TF expression

C. 　Formation of thrombin

D. 　ADP releasing

E. 　Activation of fibrinogen

A. 　PC is vitamin K-dependent protease

B. 　APC can inhibit factor V a

C. 　APC can cleave factorI a into inactive form

D. 　The complex of thrombin and TM can activate PC

E. 　TM is an endothelial cell transmembrane protein

A. 　Hyperpolarization blocking

B. 　Partial depolarization

C. 　The Na+ channels are open

D. 　Depolarization blocking

E. 　None of the above

A. 　L·

B. 　Cl·

C. 　CH3·

D. 　H2O2

E. 　OH·

A. 　Intracellular fluid is decreased,extracellular fluid is increased

B. 　Intracellular fluid is normal,extracellular fluid is decreased

C. 　Intracellular fluid is decreased,extracelullar fluid is normal

D. 　Intracellular fluid is increased,extracellular fluid is decreased

E. 　Intracellular fluid loss is identical to extracellular fluid loss

A. 　gene mutations

B. 　noise

C. 　drug poisoning

D. 　age and sex

E. 　hypersensitivity reaction