相关题目
“所需目视参考”是飞机安全落地的必要条件，规章中规定 除II类、III类进近之外，驾驶员应至少能清楚的看到和辨认计划着陆 跑道的下列目视参考之一 Required visual reference" is a necessary condition for the safe landing of aircraft. The regulations stipulate that except for CATII and CATIII approaches, the pilot shall be able to clearly see and identify at least one of the following visual references of the planned landing runway
进近灯光系统，如果驾驶员仅使用进近灯光作为参考，应当能 同时清楚地看到和辨认（ ） 或者（ ），否则不得下降到接地区标高之上 30 米(100 英尺)以下。 For the approach light system, if the pilot only uses the approach light as a reference, he/she should be able to clearly see and identify the ( ) or( )”, otherwise he/she shall not descend below 30m (100 feet) above the elevation of the TDZ;
所需目视参考(required visual reference): 飞行员应该看到 目视助航设施的一部分或进近区的一部分，并有充分时间让飞行员评 估航空器相对于预定飞行航径的位置和位置变化率。在盘旋进近中， 所需的目视参考是跑道周围的物体。Required visual reference: The pilot should see part of the visual navigation aids or part of the approach area, and have sufficient time for the pilot to evaluate the position and position change rate of the aircraft relative to the predetermined flight path. In circling approach, the required visual references are the objects around the runway.
最低下降高度(MDA)/最低下降高(MDH):是指在非精密进近或者盘旋进近中，如果没有取得所需的目视参考，不得下降至该高度/高以下。
决断高(DA)/高度(DH)是指是指在精密进近中规定的一个高度或高，在这个高度或高，如果不能建立继续进近所需的目视参考，则必须开始复飞。
夜间起飞至少需要机场提供（）灯和（）灯 Takeoff at night shall have at least the（） lights and the （） lights provided by the airport.
备降机场最低天气标准（在机场的最低运行标准上至少增加哪些数值，作为该机场用作备降机场时的最低天气标准）？Alternate airport＇s minimum weather standard (what values should be added to the minimum operating standard of the airport as the minimum weather standard for the alternate airport)
如果驾驶员已经开始实施仪表进近程序的最后进近（既已经飞越FAF），并在此后收到了较新的天气报告，报告的天气条件低于最低天气标准，该驾驶员不可以继续进近！In case that pilot has already started the final approach of the instrument approach procedures (i.e., flying over FAF) and received the latest weather report after that, and the reported weather condition is lower than the minimum weather condition,
the pilot cannot continue the approach
下列哪些可作为目视参考？Which of the following can be used as visual reference?
对于没有跑中线灯和中线标志的跑道，起飞最低标准不小于RVR/能见度多少米？（ ）For the runway without center line lights and markings, the takeoff minimum standards shall not be less than RVR / visibility （ ） meters.
