The runway incursion issue has been on the Board＇s Most Wanted List since its inception in 1990. In the late 1980s, an inordinate number of runway incursions/ground collision accidents resulted in substantial loss of life and the Safety Board issued numerous safety recommendations addressing the issue. The FAA completed action on a number of important objectives to make the ground operation of aircraft safer. However, these incidents continue to occur with alarming frequency. The FAA indicates that during fiscal year 2004 there were 326 incursion incidents, and that during fiscal year 2005 (ending September 30, 2005), there were 324 occurrences. The system the FAA is currently deploying to prevent runway collisions requires a controller to: ·5 Determine the nature of the problem ·Determine the location ·Identify the aircraft involved ·Determine what action to take ·Issue appropriate warnings or instruction The flight crew must then respond to the situation and take action. Simulations of the FAA＇s airport movement area safety system (AMASS) performance using data from actual incursions show that alerts may occur as little as 8 to 11 seconds before a potential collision—providing no margin for error. In three recent incidents (2005)—at Boston in June, New York in July, and Las Vegas in September—AMASS did not alert controllers in time to be effective. In the incident at Boston Logan International Airport, an Aer Lingus A330 and a US Airways 737 came within 171 feet of each other on an intersecting runway after both were cleared for takeoff. The 737 pilot, who saw the potential hazard, pushed the control column forward keeping the aircraft on the ground while the Airbus passed overhead. The 737 took off farther down the runway. In the incident at JFK International Airport, New York, there was a near collision between an Israir 767 and an Airborne Express DC-8 cargo plane. The passenger jet entered a runway on which the cargo plane was on its takeoff roll. It is estimated that the cargo plane cleared the 767 by about 100 feet as it took off over the 767. In the incident at Las Vegas International Airport, there was a near collision between an Air Canada A319, which had just landed, and an America West A320, which was cleared to take off. The controller confused two departure aircraft; that resulted in Air Canada being cleared to cross a runway as the other jet was taking off. The America West pilot reported that he was 100 feet above Air Canada as he passed over it. Until there is a system in place to positively control ground movements of all aircraft, with direct warning to pilots, the potential for this type of disaster will continue to be high.4. In the incident at Las Vegas International Airport, there was a near collision between an （ ） A319 and an （ ） A320.