31. Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.To write his 2010 book， The 5-Factor World Diet， nutritionist Harley Pasternak traveled to the healthiest countries around the world to learn more about what made their meals extra nourishing.He noted that Japanese people ate a wonderful variety of seaweeds， and that Chinese people tried to include at least five different colors in every meal.Pasternak also came away with some valuable observations about how different the North American way of life was， compared with many other countries.For starters， Americans eat much bigger portions than people in other countries.“We don’t prioritize eating seasonally or locally， and we also add lots of salt， sugar and thickening agents to our foods，” explained Pasternak.Contrast that to the healthy Mediterranean， Nordic and Okinawan diets listed in Pasternak＇s book.They all seem to stick to the ethos (特质)of regional， seasonal produce.For example， a traditional Mediterranean diet includes fruits， vegetables， whole grains， nuts and olive oil as the main components of nutritional intake.Fish， chicken and red wine make moderate appearances， while red meat， salt and sugar are used much less often.The benefits of a traditional Mediterranean diet have been studied since the 1970s， and researchers have found that living that olive oil life can help people lose weight， lower their heart disease risk and reverse diabetes.Most other healthy eating cultures also make meals an event—say， multiple courses around the family table， or a glass or two of red wine at a long lunch—opposed to hastily wolfing down handfuls of cereal above the kitchen sink and calling it dinner.Each of the healthy eating cultures has its own unique feature.But Pasternak did take note of one unifying factor in all of the healthy societies he observed.“The only overlapping feature in most of these healthy countries is that they all walk way more than the average American，” said Pasternak.“So really， regardless of what you’re eating， if someone’s walking four miles more than you each day， they are going to be a lot thinner and live a lot longer than you.”What characterizes Japanese and Chinese foods?

1. Passage TwentyAll friendships require a certain amount of chemistry.But when two people of the opposite sex become friends， sometimes those friendly feelings can start to resemble something more like sexual tension.Male-female friendships can be an emotional minefield of hidden desires.Does this mean you secretly want to jump into bed with all of your friends? Of course not.But do you ever wonder how many of them might be interested if the opportunity presented itself? Maybe you and your platonic (柏拉图式的)friendship are just a bad breakup and a bottle of wine away from crossing that boundary and hooking up (结合).So can two people of the opposite sex ever really be “just friends?” The Hollywood answer to this age-old question is a decisive HELL NO.On screen， male-female friendships always turn into something more.Harry and Sally， Chandler and Monica， Jim and Pam…… Do I need to go on? Even the characters in Just Friends wind up becoming much more than the film’s definitive title suggests.Cinematic stories dictate that when reasonably attractive men and women befriend one another， they are always on the road to romance， whether they realize it or not.But how much truth is there to this friendship as foreplay theory? It is not a whole lot.Real life isn’t a romantic comedy.Men and women go to school together， work together and hang out in plenty of platonic settings without falling hopelessly in love with one another.Last year， a close female friend of mine moved in with a new male roommate.My immediate reaction was， “You two are definitely going to sleep together.” It seemed to me that a single man and woman living under the same roof would inevitably end up doing it.Much to my surprise， the roommate romance never happened.Almost one year later， the two of them have never even come close to seeing each other naked.Instead， their way of life has come to resemble a sexless marriage.They cook for each other， argue over domestic chores and insist that they never， ever think about each other “that way.”The author believes that two people of the same sex can ().

5. Passage NineteenA 3-year-old boy who was lost in the woods for two days is now safe at home.But Casey Hathaway told his rescuers that he was not alone in the rainy， freezing cold woods.He said he was with a friend——a bear.The child went missing on January 22 while playing with friends at his grandmother’s house in the southern state of North Carolina.When the other children returned to the house and Casey did not， the family searched the area for almost an hour before calling the police.Police formed a search and rescue team to look for the young boy in the nearby woods.But two days went by and still——no Casey.The woods of North Carolina are home to many black bears， like this one.It seems one of them helped a little boy while he was lost in the woods.Then on January 24， someone called the police saying they heard a child crying in the woods.Police followed up on the information and found Casey at about 9:30 that night.They pulled him out of some briar (荆棘).He was in good health.Police Officer Chip Hughes said that Casey did not say how he was able to survive in the woods for two days in the cloud， rainy weather， but that “he did say he had a friend in the woods that was a bear that was with him.”Hundreds of people helped in the search and rescue efforts， including some 600 volunteers， federal police and members of the military.Hughes told reporters that at no point did he think Casey had been kidnapped (绑架).Doctors at Carolina East Medical Center treated Casey for minor injuries.He was then released to his family on January 25.All the following are mentioned as those helping in the rescue efforts EXCEPT ().

4. Passage NineteenA 3-year-old boy who was lost in the woods for two days is now safe at home.But Casey Hathaway told his rescuers that he was not alone in the rainy， freezing cold woods.He said he was with a friend——a bear.The child went missing on January 22 while playing with friends at his grandmother’s house in the southern state of North Carolina.When the other children returned to the house and Casey did not， the family searched the area for almost an hour before calling the police.Police formed a search and rescue team to look for the young boy in the nearby woods.But two days went by and still——no Casey.The woods of North Carolina are home to many black bears， like this one.It seems one of them helped a little boy while he was lost in the woods.Then on January 24， someone called the police saying they heard a child crying in the woods.Police followed up on the information and found Casey at about 9:30 that night.They pulled him out of some briar (荆棘).He was in good health.Police Officer Chip Hughes said that Casey did not say how he was able to survive in the woods for two days in the cloud， rainy weather， but that “he did say he had a friend in the woods that was a bear that was with him.”Hundreds of people helped in the search and rescue efforts， including some 600 volunteers， federal police and members of the military.Hughes told reporters that at no point did he think Casey had been kidnapped (绑架).Doctors at Carolina East Medical Center treated Casey for minor injuries.He was then released to his family on January 25.When found in the woods， Casey was ().

3. Passage NineteenA 3-year-old boy who was lost in the woods for two days is now safe at home.But Casey Hathaway told his rescuers that he was not alone in the rainy， freezing cold woods.He said he was with a friend——a bear.The child went missing on January 22 while playing with friends at his grandmother’s house in the southern state of North Carolina.When the other children returned to the house and Casey did not， the family searched the area for almost an hour before calling the police.Police formed a search and rescue team to look for the young boy in the nearby woods.But two days went by and still——no Casey.The woods of North Carolina are home to many black bears， like this one.It seems one of them helped a little boy while he was lost in the woods.Then on January 24， someone called the police saying they heard a child crying in the woods.Police followed up on the information and found Casey at about 9:30 that night.They pulled him out of some briar (荆棘).He was in good health.Police Officer Chip Hughes said that Casey did not say how he was able to survive in the woods for two days in the cloud， rainy weather， but that “he did say he had a friend in the woods that was a bear that was with him.”Hundreds of people helped in the search and rescue efforts， including some 600 volunteers， federal police and members of the military.Hughes told reporters that at no point did he think Casey had been kidnapped (绑架).Doctors at Carolina East Medical Center treated Casey for minor injuries.He was then released to his family on January 25.After receiving the call， the police ().

2. Passage NineteenA 3-year-old boy who was lost in the woods for two days is now safe at home.But Casey Hathaway told his rescuers that he was not alone in the rainy， freezing cold woods.He said he was with a friend——a bear.The child went missing on January 22 while playing with friends at his grandmother’s house in the southern state of North Carolina.When the other children returned to the house and Casey did not， the family searched the area for almost an hour before calling the police.Police formed a search and rescue team to look for the young boy in the nearby woods.But two days went by and still——no Casey.The woods of North Carolina are home to many black bears， like this one.It seems one of them helped a little boy while he was lost in the woods.Then on January 24， someone called the police saying they heard a child crying in the woods.Police followed up on the information and found Casey at about 9:30 that night.They pulled him out of some briar (荆棘).He was in good health.Police Officer Chip Hughes said that Casey did not say how he was able to survive in the woods for two days in the cloud， rainy weather， but that “he did say he had a friend in the woods that was a bear that was with him.”Hundreds of people helped in the search and rescue efforts， including some 600 volunteers， federal police and members of the military.Hughes told reporters that at no point did he think Casey had been kidnapped (绑架).Doctors at Carolina East Medical Center treated Casey for minor injuries.He was then released to his family on January 25.The woods are mentioned again and again to indicate that they ().

1. Passage NineteenA 3-year-old boy who was lost in the woods for two days is now safe at home.But Casey Hathaway told his rescuers that he was not alone in the rainy， freezing cold woods.He said he was with a friend——a bear.The child went missing on January 22 while playing with friends at his grandmother’s house in the southern state of North Carolina.When the other children returned to the house and Casey did not， the family searched the area for almost an hour before calling the police.Police formed a search and rescue team to look for the young boy in the nearby woods.But two days went by and still——no Casey.The woods of North Carolina are home to many black bears， like this one.It seems one of them helped a little boy while he was lost in the woods.Then on January 24， someone called the police saying they heard a child crying in the woods.Police followed up on the information and found Casey at about 9:30 that night.They pulled him out of some briar (荆棘).He was in good health.Police Officer Chip Hughes said that Casey did not say how he was able to survive in the woods for two days in the cloud， rainy weather， but that “he did say he had a friend in the woods that was a bear that was with him.”Hundreds of people helped in the search and rescue efforts， including some 600 volunteers， federal police and members of the military.Hughes told reporters that at no point did he think Casey had been kidnapped (绑架).Doctors at Carolina East Medical Center treated Casey for minor injuries.He was then released to his family on January 25.According to the passage， Casey’s missing is a case of ().

5. Passage EighteenAn idea that started in Seattle’s public library has spread throughout America and beyond.The concept is simple: help to build a sense of community in a city by getting everyone to read the same book at the same time.In addition to encouraging reading as a pursuit (追求)to be enjoyed by all， the program allows strangers to communicate by discussing the book on the bus， as well as promoting reading as an experience to be shared in families and schools.The idea came from Seattle librarian Nancy Pearl who launched the “If All of Seattle Read the Same Book” project in 1998.Her original program used author visits， study guides and book discussion groups to bring people together with a book， but the idea has expanded to many other American cities， and even to Hong Kong.In Chicago， the mayor appeared on television to announce the choice of To Kill a Mockingbird as the first book in the “One Book， One Chicago” program.As a result， reading clubs and neighborhood groups sprang up around the city.Across the US， stories emerged of parents and children reading to each other at night and strangers chatting away on the bus about the plot and character.The only problem arose in New York， where local readers could not decide on one book to represent the huge and diverse population.This may show that the idea works best in medium-sized cities or large towns， where a greater sense of unity can be achieved.Or it may show that New Yorkers rather missed the point， putting all their energy and passion into the choice of the book rather than into discussion about a book itself.Ultimately， as Nancy points out， the level of success is not measured by how many people read a book， but by how many people are enriched by the process， or have enjoyed speaking to someone with whom they would not otherwise have (shared a word).According to Nancy， the degree of success of the project is judged by ().

4. Passage EighteenAn idea that started in Seattle’s public library has spread throughout America and beyond.The concept is simple: help to build a sense of community in a city by getting everyone to read the same book at the same time.In addition to encouraging reading as a pursuit (追求)to be enjoyed by all， the program allows strangers to communicate by discussing the book on the bus， as well as promoting reading as an experience to be shared in families and schools.The idea came from Seattle librarian Nancy Pearl who launched the “If All of Seattle Read the Same Book” project in 1998.Her original program used author visits， study guides and book discussion groups to bring people together with a book， but the idea has expanded to many other American cities， and even to Hong Kong.In Chicago， the mayor appeared on television to announce the choice of To Kill a Mockingbird as the first book in the “One Book， One Chicago” program.As a result， reading clubs and neighborhood groups sprang up around the city.Across the US， stories emerged of parents and children reading to each other at night and strangers chatting away on the bus about the plot and character.The only problem arose in New York， where local readers could not decide on one book to represent the huge and diverse population.This may show that the idea works best in medium-sized cities or large towns， where a greater sense of unity can be achieved.Or it may show that New Yorkers rather missed the point， putting all their energy and passion into the choice of the book rather than into discussion about a book itself.Ultimately， as Nancy points out， the level of success is not measured by how many people read a book， but by how many people are enriched by the process， or have enjoyed speaking to someone with whom they would not otherwise have (shared a word).The underlined words “shared a word” in the last paragraph probably mean ().

3. Passage EighteenAn idea that started in Seattle’s public library has spread throughout America and beyond.The concept is simple: help to build a sense of community in a city by getting everyone to read the same book at the same time.In addition to encouraging reading as a pursuit (追求)to be enjoyed by all， the program allows strangers to communicate by discussing the book on the bus， as well as promoting reading as an experience to be shared in families and schools.The idea came from Seattle librarian Nancy Pearl who launched the “If All of Seattle Read the Same Book” project in 1998.Her original program used author visits， study guides and book discussion groups to bring people together with a book， but the idea has expanded to many other American cities， and even to Hong Kong.In Chicago， the mayor appeared on television to announce the choice of To Kill a Mockingbird as the first book in the “One Book， One Chicago” program.As a result， reading clubs and neighborhood groups sprang up around the city.Across the US， stories emerged of parents and children reading to each other at night and strangers chatting away on the bus about the plot and character.The only problem arose in New York， where local readers could not decide on one book to represent the huge and diverse population.This may show that the idea works best in medium-sized cities or large towns， where a greater sense of unity can be achieved.Or it may show that New Yorkers rather missed the point， putting all their energy and passion into the choice of the book rather than into discussion about a book itself.Ultimately， as Nancy points out， the level of success is not measured by how many people read a book， but by how many people are enriched by the process， or have enjoyed speaking to someone with whom they would not otherwise have (shared a word).According to the passage， where would the project be more easily carried out?

2. Passage EighteenAn idea that started in Seattle’s public library has spread throughout America and beyond.The concept is simple: help to build a sense of community in a city by getting everyone to read the same book at the same time.In addition to encouraging reading as a pursuit (追求)to be enjoyed by all， the program allows strangers to communicate by discussing the book on the bus， as well as promoting reading as an experience to be shared in families and schools.The idea came from Seattle librarian Nancy Pearl who launched the “If All of Seattle Read the Same Book” project in 1998.Her original program used author visits， study guides and book discussion groups to bring people together with a book， but the idea has expanded to many other American cities， and even to Hong Kong.In Chicago， the mayor appeared on television to announce the choice of To Kill a Mockingbird as the first book in the “One Book， One Chicago” program.As a result， reading clubs and neighborhood groups sprang up around the city.Across the US， stories emerged of parents and children reading to each other at night and strangers chatting away on the bus about the plot and character.The only problem arose in New York， where local readers could not decide on one book to represent the huge and diverse population.This may show that the idea works best in medium-sized cities or large towns， where a greater sense of unity can be achieved.Or it may show that New Yorkers rather missed the point， putting all their energy and passion into the choice of the book rather than into discussion about a book itself.Ultimately， as Nancy points out， the level of success is not measured by how many people read a book， but by how many people are enriched by the process， or have enjoyed speaking to someone with whom they would not otherwise have (shared a word).Why was it difficult for New Yorkers to carry out the project?