13. onto | simply | at | inexpensive | on Pat on the Back Here＇s a very ____1____ idea that should work for any type of organization. I ____2____ draw around my hand on a piece of paper, print “Here＇s a pat on the back for You, Mr. / Ms. _________ for all the hard work and effort you＇ve made here”, then copy it ____3____ colored paper. The teens___4____ our church help me cut them out. (Posted ___5____ 25 May, 2000 by Karol Haynes)

2. I’ve loved my mother’s desk since I was just tall enough to see above the top of it as mother sat doing letters. Standing by her chair, looking at the ink bottle, pens, and white paper, I decided that the act of writing must be the more wonderful thing in the world. Years later, during her final illness, mother kept different things for my sister and brother. “But the desk,” she’d said again, “it’s for Elizabeth. ”I never saw her angry, never saw her cry. I knew she loved me; she showed it in action. But as a young girl, I wanted heart-to-heart talks between mother and daughter. They never happened. And a gulf opened between us. I was “too emotional(易动感情的)”. But she lived “on the surface(表面)”.As years passed I had my own family. I loved my mother and thanked her for our happy family. I wrote to her in careful words and asked her to let me know in any way she chose that she did forgive(原谅) me. I posted the letter and waited for her answer. None came. My hope turned to disappointment(失望), then little interest and, finally, peace— it seemed that nothing happened. I couldn’t be sure that the letter had even got to mother. I only knew that I had written it, and I could stop trying to make her into someone she was not. Now the present of her desk told, as she’d never been able to, that she was pleased that writing was my chosen work. I cleaned the desk carefully and found some papers inside —a photo of my father and a one-page letter, folded(折叠) and refolded many times. Give me an answer, my letter asks, in any way you choose. Mother, you always chose the act that speaks louder than words. The passage shows that ______.

1. I’ve loved my mother’s desk since I was just tall enough to see above the top of it as mother sat doing letters. Standing by her chair, looking at the ink bottle, pens, and white paper, I decided that the act of writing must be the more wonderful thing in the world. Years later, during her final illness, mother kept different things for my sister and brother. “But the desk,” she’d said again, “it’s for Elizabeth. ”I never saw her angry, never saw her cry. I knew she loved me; she showed it in action. But as a young girl, I wanted heart-to-heart talks between mother and daughter. They never happened. And a gulf opened between us. I was “too emotional(易动感情的)”. But she lived “on the surface(表面)”.As years passed I had my own family. I loved my mother and thanked her for our happy family. I wrote to her in careful words and asked her to let me know in any way she chose that she did forgive(原谅) me. I posted the letter and waited for her answer. None came. My hope turned to disappointment(失望), then little interest and, finally, peace— it seemed that nothing happened. I couldn’t be sure that the letter had even got to mother. I only knew that I had written it, and I could stop trying to make her into someone she was not. Now the present of her desk told, as she’d never been able to, that she was pleased that writing was my chosen work. I cleaned the desk carefully and found some papers inside —a photo of my father and a one-page letter, folded(折叠) and refolded many times. Give me an answer, my letter asks, in any way you choose. Mother, you always chose the act that speaks louder than words. The writer began to love her mother’s desk ______.

5. Did you ever hear of "singing sand" This is the kind of sand that makes bizarre sounds when it is walked on or driven over, or when the wind blows across its surface. The sound such sand makes often has a musical tone (音调). In the United States, singing sand has been found along the seashore in Massachusetts and in the sands north of Alamosa, Colorado. People in different parts of the world have given these musical sands different names. In South Africa they are called "crying sands" In Hawaii they are called "barking sands." And in Afghanistan(阿富汗) they are called "drumming sands."But no matter what the sands may be called, scientists have not yet agreed on what causes them to make such strange sounds. The most nearly correct meaning for the word "bizarre" in Line one is ____.

4. Did you ever hear of "singing sand" This is the kind of sand that makes bizarre sounds when it is walked on or driven over, or when the wind blows across its surface. The sound such sand makes often has a musical tone (音调). In the United States, singing sand has been found along the seashore in Massachusetts and in the sands north of Alamosa, Colorado. People in different parts of the world have given these musical sands different names. In South Africa they are called "crying sands" In Hawaii they are called "barking sands." And in Afghanistan(阿富汗) they are called "drumming sands."But no matter what the sands may be called, scientists have not yet agreed on what causes them to make such strange sounds. What causes the sand to make sounds

3. Did you ever hear of "singing sand" This is the kind of sand that makes bizarre sounds when it is walked on or driven over, or when the wind blows across its surface. The sound such sand makes often has a musical tone (音调). In the United States, singing sand has been found along the seashore in Massachusetts and in the sands north of Alamosa, Colorado. People in different parts of the world have given these musical sands different names. In South Africa they are called "crying sands" In Hawaii they are called "barking sands." And in Afghanistan(阿富汗) they are called "drumming sands."But no matter what the sands may be called, scientists have not yet agreed on what causes them to make such strange sounds. The sand discussed in the passage is found____.

2. Did you ever hear of "singing sand" This is the kind of sand that makes bizarre sounds when it is walked on or driven over, or when the wind blows across its surface. The sound such sand makes often has a musical tone (音调). In the United States, singing sand has been found along the seashore in Massachusetts and in the sands north of Alamosa, Colorado. People in different parts of the world have given these musical sands different names. In South Africa they are called "crying sands" In Hawaii they are called "barking sands." And in Afghanistan(阿富汗) they are called "drumming sands."But no matter what the sands may be called, scientists have not yet agreed on what causes them to make such strange sounds. The main idea of this passage is that ____.

1. Did you ever hear of "singing sand" This is the kind of sand that makes bizarre sounds when it is walked on or driven over, or when the wind blows across its surface. The sound such sand makes often has a musical tone (音调). In the United States, singing sand has been found along the seashore in Massachusetts and in the sands north of Alamosa, Colorado. People in different parts of the world have given these musical sands different names. In South Africa they are called "crying sands" In Hawaii they are called "barking sands." And in Afghanistan(阿富汗) they are called "drumming sands."But no matter what the sands may be called, scientists have not yet agreed on what causes them to make such strange sounds. The best title for this passage is ____

5. When people meet each other for the first time in Britain, they say “How do you do?”and shake hands(握手). Usually they do not shake hands when they just meet or say goodbye. But they shake hands after they haven’t met for a long time or when they will be away from each other for a long time. Last year a group of German students went to England for a holiday. Their teacher told them that the English people hardly shake hands. So when they met their English friends at the station, they kept their hands behind their backs. The English students had learned that the Germans shake hands as often as possible, so they put their hands in front and got ready to shake hands with them. It made both of them laugh. This story is about______

4. When people meet each other for the first time in Britain, they say “How do you do?”and shake hands(握手). Usually they do not shake hands when they just meet or say goodbye. But they shake hands after they haven’t met for a long time or when they will be away from each other for a long time. Last year a group of German students went to England for a holiday. Their teacher told them that the English people hardly shake hands. So when they met their English friends at the station, they kept their hands behind their backs. The English students had learned that the Germans shake hands as often as possible, so they put their hands in front and got ready to shake hands with them. It made both of them laugh. Which is right?

3. When people meet each other for the first time in Britain, they say “How do you do?”and shake hands(握手). Usually they do not shake hands when they just meet or say goodbye. But they shake hands after they haven’t met for a long time or when they will be away from each other for a long time. Last year a group of German students went to England for a holiday. Their teacher told them that the English people hardly shake hands. So when they met their English friends at the station, they kept their hands behind their backs. The English students had learned that the Germans shake hands as often as possible, so they put their hands in front and got ready to shake hands with them. It made both of them laugh. Usually English people don’t shake hands______