相关题目
One day in March 1944, I was flying my Spitfire from Italy toward our base on Corsica. I was alone and it was late in the day. The sky was overcast and gray, as was the sea surface below, so my horizon was marginal. But I had no worries about my situation, and was not paying attention to the instruments. Suddenly, a change of air and engine noise told me something was wrong. I looked at my instruments and they showed my plane was in a diving turn. My reaction was, those instrument can’t be right!, but I knew immediately that they were right and that I had to rely on them to get out of the dive. I was at about 6000ft and had sufficient altitude to recover using the needle-ball-airspeed instrument and link-trainer time. For about a year and a half after graduation, I got much instrument and link-trainer time. I became fully competent in the needle-ball-airspeed technique, so I never used the artificial horizon, because its gyro would tumble if you made a steep turn. Incidentally, the Spitfire, instead of a ball to show skidding or slipping, had a second needle, pointing downward below the turn needle.I probably lost my horizon after flying into haze, or a region of uniform color and brightness. If I had flown into cloud I would have known that I had lost my horizon and had to go on instruments in order to stay oriented and in control. If I had been unable to fly on instruments I would have become disoriented, a condition called pilot vertigo, and I would have had to bail out or crash with the plane. But I didn’t suffer vertigo because I was not aware that I had lost my horizon, orientation, and control of the plane. It then wandered and went into a spiral dive producing the noises that alerted me.I recalled this experience in July 1999 when John F.Kennndy, Jr’s plane crashed. It was very clear to me, from the radar records of his plane’s behavior that the same thing happened to him.1.How did the sky look when the pilot was flying in Italy toward the base on Corsica?
SIDs, STARs, and other abbreviated clearances have been developed because of the need to put as many aircraft as possible into and through the ATC system. To accomplish this, it becomes necessary to keep the radio transmissions as brief as possible; hence, the use of abbreviations like as filed, and the use of SIDs and STARs.Another reason for these SIDs, and such, is to put them down on paper in such a man ner as to simplify what otherwise could be a difficult clearance to copy, read back, under stand, and comply with. In order for this to work, however, pilots have the responsibility to thoroughly understand the restrictions involved.The Jeppesen Airway Manual introduction has this to say about SIDs: Pilots of IFR civil aircraft operation from locations where SID procedures are effective may expect ATC clearances containing a SID. Use of a SID requires possession of at least the textual description of the SID. Pilots not desiring to use the SID are expected to advise ATC. Notification may be accomplished by filing NO SID in the remarks section of the filed flight plan or by the less desirable method of verbally advising ATC.I can’t see any reason to turn down a SID as long as you have the required textual por tion in your possession and your aircraft can meet the various restrictions, which are ex plained later. Turning it down will only make more work for everyone involved. If you filed NO SID, the only difference is that you will get the complete textual portion read to you, and you’ll have to copy it down and read it back, which is sometimes very complicated and time-consuming. After all, ATC has devised the departure routings to expedite traffic and to give adequate separation between inbound and outbound flights, so it stands to reason that as long as you will be departing on that route anyway, you might as well make it easy on all concerned by having the SIDs in your possession and reviewing them before flight.5.Which of the following is the most suitable title of the passage?
SIDs, STARs, and other abbreviated clearances have been developed because of the need to put as many aircraft as possible into and through the ATC system. To accomplish this, it becomes necessary to keep the radio transmissions as brief as possible; hence, the use of abbreviations like as filed, and the use of SIDs and STARs.Another reason for these SIDs, and such, is to put them down on paper in such a man ner as to simplify what otherwise could be a difficult clearance to copy, read back, under stand, and comply with. In order for this to work, however, pilots have the responsibility to thoroughly understand the restrictions involved.The Jeppesen Airway Manual introduction has this to say about SIDs: Pilots of IFR civil aircraft operation from locations where SID procedures are effective may expect ATC clearances containing a SID. Use of a SID requires possession of at least the textual description of the SID. Pilots not desiring to use the SID are expected to advise ATC. Notification may be accomplished by filing NO SID in the remarks section of the filed flight plan or by the less desirable method of verbally advising ATC.I can’t see any reason to turn down a SID as long as you have the required textual por tion in your possession and your aircraft can meet the various restrictions, which are ex plained later. Turning it down will only make more work for everyone involved. If you filed NO SID, the only difference is that you will get the complete textual portion read to you, and you’ll have to copy it down and read it back, which is sometimes very complicated and time-consuming. After all, ATC has devised the departure routings to expedite traffic and to give adequate separation between inbound and outbound flights, so it stands to reason that as long as you will be departing on that route anyway, you might as well make it easy on all concerned by having the SIDs in your possession and reviewing them before flight.4.If pilots don’t want to use the SID, they’d better （ ） ．
SIDs, STARs, and other abbreviated clearances have been developed because of the need to put as many aircraft as possible into and through the ATC system. To accomplish this, it becomes necessary to keep the radio transmissions as brief as possible; hence, the use of abbreviations like as filed, and the use of SIDs and STARs.Another reason for these SIDs, and such, is to put them down on paper in such a man ner as to simplify what otherwise could be a difficult clearance to copy, read back, under stand, and comply with. In order for this to work, however, pilots have the responsibility to thoroughly understand the restrictions involved.The Jeppesen Airway Manual introduction has this to say about SIDs: Pilots of IFR civil aircraft operation from locations where SID procedures are effective may expect ATC clearances containing a SID. Use of a SID requires possession of at least the textual description of the SID. Pilots not desiring to use the SID are expected to advise ATC. Notification may be accomplished by filing NO SID in the remarks section of the filed flight plan or by the less desirable method of verbally advising ATC.I can’t see any reason to turn down a SID as long as you have the required textual por tion in your possession and your aircraft can meet the various restrictions, which are ex plained later. Turning it down will only make more work for everyone involved. If you filed NO SID, the only difference is that you will get the complete textual portion read to you, and you’ll have to copy it down and read it back, which is sometimes very complicated and time-consuming. After all, ATC has devised the departure routings to expedite traffic and to give adequate separation between inbound and outbound flights, so it stands to reason that as long as you will be departing on that route anyway, you might as well make it easy on all concerned by having the SIDs in your possession and reviewing them before flight.3.In the author’s opinion, SID （ ） ．
SIDs, STARs, and other abbreviated clearances have been developed because of the need to put as many aircraft as possible into and through the ATC system. To accomplish this, it becomes necessary to keep the radio transmissions as brief as possible; hence, the use of abbreviations like as filed, and the use of SIDs and STARs.Another reason for these SIDs, and such, is to put them down on paper in such a man ner as to simplify what otherwise could be a difficult clearance to copy, read back, under stand, and comply with. In order for this to work, however, pilots have the responsibility to thoroughly understand the restrictions involved.The Jeppesen Airway Manual introduction has this to say about SIDs: Pilots of IFR civil aircraft operation from locations where SID procedures are effective may expect ATC clearances containing a SID. Use of a SID requires possession of at least the textual description of the SID. Pilots not desiring to use the SID are expected to advise ATC. Notification may be accomplished by filing NO SID in the remarks section of the filed flight plan or by the less desirable method of verbally advising ATC.I can’t see any reason to turn down a SID as long as you have the required textual por tion in your possession and your aircraft can meet the various restrictions, which are ex plained later. Turning it down will only make more work for everyone involved. If you filed NO SID, the only difference is that you will get the complete textual portion read to you, and you’ll have to copy it down and read it back, which is sometimes very complicated and time-consuming. After all, ATC has devised the departure routings to expedite traffic and to give adequate separation between inbound and outbound flights, so it stands to reason that as long as you will be departing on that route anyway, you might as well make it easy on all concerned by having the SIDs in your possession and reviewing them before flight. 2.Using a SID, the pilot is required to （ ） ．
SIDs, STARs, and other abbreviated clearances have been developed because of the need to put as many aircraft as possible into and through the ATC system. To accomplish this, it becomes necessary to keep the radio transmissions as brief as possible; hence, the use of abbreviations like as filed, and the use of SIDs and STARs.Another reason for these SIDs, and such, is to put them down on paper in such a man ner as to simplify what otherwise could be a difficult clearance to copy, read back, under stand, and comply with. In order for this to work, however, pilots have the responsibility to thoroughly understand the restrictions involved.The Jeppesen Airway Manual introduction has this to say about SIDs: Pilots of IFR civil aircraft operation from locations where SID procedures are effective may expect ATC clearances containing a SID. Use of a SID requires possession of at least the textual description of the SID. Pilots not desiring to use the SID are expected to advise ATC. Notification may be accomplished by filing NO SID in the remarks section of the filed flight plan or by the less desirable method of verbally advising ATC.I can’t see any reason to turn down a SID as long as you have the required textual por tion in your possession and your aircraft can meet the various restrictions, which are ex plained later. Turning it down will only make more work for everyone involved. If you filed NO SID, the only difference is that you will get the complete textual portion read to you, and you’ll have to copy it down and read it back, which is sometimes very complicated and time-consuming. After all, ATC has devised the departure routings to expedite traffic and to give adequate separation between inbound and outbound flights, so it stands to reason that as long as you will be departing on that route anyway, you might as well make it easy on all concerned by having the SIDs in your possession and reviewing them before flight.1.SIDs, STARs are used to （ ） ．
Besides seeking information on the weather, the pilot also relies on the very important information contained within aeronautical publications. These tell the pilot of the availability of radar, radio frequencies, landing and weather minima, glide slope angles, and the types of approach available at a particular runway. The terminal or approach plates contain further information. They give a runway and airfield pictorial presentation of the obstructions surrounding the field, the approach lighting, and the relative position of the NAVAIDs. Additionally, they give the length and width of the runways, as well as information on rates of descent and ground speeds. All of this may be needed by the pilot in order to execute the approach.As previously mentioned, there are a variety of approaches used around the world at different airports. These approaches are divided into two major categories: precision and non-precision. Non-precision approach procedures are intended to provide an orderly and safe flight progression from the en-route structure to a position at an aerodrome from which a visual landing can be made. VOR, VORTAC, NDB and airport surveillance radar (ASR) are all examples of non-precision approaches. The only precision approaches available anywhere are the precision radar approach (PAR), the instrument landing system (ILS) and the new microwave landing system. Of these three, the ILS is the most prevalently used.On a precision radar approach，the controller interprets radar displays and transmits course and glide slope information to the pilot. The pilot then maneuvers the aircraft as directed by the controller in order to arrive at a position from which to land safely.The instrument landing system (ILS) is designed to provide an approach path for exact alignment and descent of an aircraft on its final approach to a runway. An ILS consists of a highly directional localizer and glide slope transmitter with associated marker beacons and at some sites，distance measuring equipment (DME). There are three ILS categories: category I equipment gives guidance information down to a decision height (DH) of not less than 200ft, while category Ⅱ gives a DH of not less than 100ft, and category Ⅲ ILS approach are subdivided into three groups, all of which allow descents to touchdown, since decision height are not specified.5.Which ILS category gives DH of not less than 100ft?
Besides seeking information on the weather, the pilot also relies on the very important information contained within aeronautical publications. These tell the pilot of the availability of radar, radio frequencies, landing and weather minima, glide slope angles, and the types of approach available at a particular runway. The terminal or approach plates contain further information. They give a runway and airfield pictorial presentation of the obstructions surrounding the field, the approach lighting, and the relative position of the NAVAIDs. Additionally, they give the length and width of the runways, as well as information on rates of descent and ground speeds. All of this may be needed by the pilot in order to execute the approach.As previously mentioned, there are a variety of approaches used around the world at different airports. These approaches are divided into two major categories: precision and non-precision. Non-precision approach procedures are intended to provide an orderly and safe flight progression from the en-route structure to a position at an aerodrome from which a visual landing can be made. VOR, VORTAC, NDB and airport surveillance radar (ASR) are all examples of non-precision approaches. The only precision approaches available anywhere are the precision radar approach (PAR), the instrument landing system (ILS) and the new microwave landing system. Of these three, the ILS is the most prevalently used.On a precision radar approach，the controller interprets radar displays and transmits course and glide slope information to the pilot. The pilot then maneuvers the aircraft as directed by the controller in order to arrive at a position from which to land safely.The instrument landing system (ILS) is designed to provide an approach path for exact alignment and descent of an aircraft on its final approach to a runway. An ILS consists of a highly directional localizer and glide slope transmitter with associated marker beacons and at some sites，distance measuring equipment (DME). There are three ILS categories: category I equipment gives guidance information down to a decision height (DH) of not less than 200ft, while category Ⅱ gives a DH of not less than 100ft, and category Ⅲ ILS approach are subdivided into three groups, all of which allow descents to touchdown, since decision height are not specified.4.Which of the following is used most widely at present?
Besides seeking information on the weather, the pilot also relies on the very important information contained within aeronautical publications. These tell the pilot of the availability of radar, radio frequencies, landing and weather minima, glide slope angles, and the types of approach available at a particular runway. The terminal or approach plates contain further information. They give a runway and airfield pictorial presentation of the obstructions surrounding the field, the approach lighting, and the relative position of the NAVAIDs. Additionally, they give the length and width of the runways, as well as information on rates of descent and ground speeds. All of this may be needed by the pilot in order to execute the approach.As previously mentioned, there are a variety of approaches used around the world at different airports. These approaches are divided into two major categories: precision and non-precision. Non-precision approach procedures are intended to provide an orderly and safe flight progression from the en-route structure to a position at an aerodrome from which a visual landing can be made. VOR, VORTAC, NDB and airport surveillance radar (ASR) are all examples of non-precision approaches. The only precision approaches available anywhere are the precision radar approach (PAR), the instrument landing system (ILS) and the new microwave landing system. Of these three, the ILS is the most prevalently used.On a precision radar approach，the controller interprets radar displays and transmits course and glide slope information to the pilot. The pilot then maneuvers the aircraft as directed by the controller in order to arrive at a position from which to land safely.The instrument landing system (ILS) is designed to provide an approach path for exact alignment and descent of an aircraft on its final approach to a runway. An ILS consists of a highly directional localizer and glide slope transmitter with associated marker beacons and at some sites，distance measuring equipment (DME). There are three ILS categories: category I equipment gives guidance information down to a decision height (DH) of not less than 200ft, while category Ⅱ gives a DH of not less than 100ft, and category Ⅲ ILS approach are subdivided into three groups, all of which allow descents to touchdown, since decision height are not specified.3.Which of the following belongs to non-precision approach?
Besides seeking information on the weather, the pilot also relies on the very important information contained within aeronautical publications. These tell the pilot of the availability of radar, radio frequencies, landing and weather minima, glide slope angles, and the types of approach available at a particular runway. The terminal or approach plates contain further information. They give a runway and airfield pictorial presentation of the obstructions surrounding the field, the approach lighting, and the relative position of the NAVAIDs. Additionally, they give the length and width of the runways, as well as information on rates of descent and ground speeds. All of this may be needed by the pilot in order to execute the approach.As previously mentioned, there are a variety of approaches used around the world at different airports. These approaches are divided into two major categories: precision and non-precision. Non-precision approach procedures are intended to provide an orderly and safe flight progression from the en-route structure to a position at an aerodrome from which a visual landing can be made. VOR, VORTAC, NDB and airport surveillance radar (ASR) are all examples of non-precision approaches. The only precision approaches available anywhere are the precision radar approach (PAR), the instrument landing system (ILS) and the new microwave landing system. Of these three, the ILS is the most prevalently used.On a precision radar approach，the controller interprets radar displays and transmits course and glide slope information to the pilot. The pilot then maneuvers the aircraft as directed by the controller in order to arrive at a position from which to land safely.The instrument landing system (ILS) is designed to provide an approach path for exact alignment and descent of an aircraft on its final approach to a runway. An ILS consists of a highly directional localizer and glide slope transmitter with associated marker beacons and at some sites，distance measuring equipment (DME). There are three ILS categories: category I equipment gives guidance information down to a decision height (DH) of not less than 200ft, while category Ⅱ gives a DH of not less than 100ft, and category Ⅲ ILS approach are subdivided into three groups, all of which allow descents to touchdown, since decision height are not specified.2.The pilots can be sure of types of approach by reading （ ） ．
