相关题目
Nowadays almost every city has an airport, even two, in the case of some big cities. Like a railway station, an airport is a very busy place. At almost any hour of the day or night it is thronged with people, many of whom are passengers either waiting for a departing flight or who have just landed. Today, a great number of people travel from one country to another by plane just as routinely as other people move from one town to another within the same country by train or bus. The large building in which passengers wait for their flight is called the passenger terminal. When a passenger arrives at the terminal, he goes to the counter of the airline that has arranged his trip. There he shows his ticket as proof that he has a booking on the particular flight. He also gives up his heavy luggage to be tagged and sent to the hold of the aircraft. If his ticket is in order, and his luggage is not overweight, he is issued with a card called a boarding pass which allows him admission onto the plane. Following the announcement that the plane is ready for boarding, departing passengers go through departure gates, which control the entrance and exit of people on and off the aircraft. At these gates, after they have shown their passports and their boarding pass has been checked, they are allowed to board the waiting aircraft. Aircraft lands and takes off on a runway made of concrete. The runway of a modern airport is about three kilometers in length, as large jet planes take this distance to get airborne, or to come to a standstill after landing. Only one plane can land on or take off from a runway at a time. Specially trained officers, who sit in the control tower of the airport, strictly control the landing and take-off of aircraft. These air traffic controllers, as they are called, communicate with the pilots of the planes by radio. All modern planes are fitted with radar but the pilots still rely on the controllers to guide them. A mistake made by a controller in the tower may lead to a serious accident in which a large number of people may be injured or killed.5. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in this article?
Nowadays almost every city has an airport, even two, in the case of some big cities. Like a railway station, an airport is a very busy place. At almost any hour of the day or night it is thronged with people, many of whom are passengers either waiting for a departing flight or who have just landed. Today, a great number of people travel from one country to another by plane just as routinely as other people move from one town to another within the same country by train or bus. The large building in which passengers wait for their flight is called the passenger terminal. When a passenger arrives at the terminal, he goes to the counter of the airline that has arranged his trip. There he shows his ticket as proof that he has a booking on the particular flight. He also gives up his heavy luggage to be tagged and sent to the hold of the aircraft. If his ticket is in order, and his luggage is not overweight, he is issued with a card called a boarding pass which allows him admission onto the plane. Following the announcement that the plane is ready for boarding, departing passengers go through departure gates, which control the entrance and exit of people on and off the aircraft. At these gates, after they have shown their passports and their boarding pass has been checked, they are allowed to board the waiting aircraft. Aircraft lands and takes off on a runway made of concrete. The runway of a modern airport is about three kilometers in length, as large jet planes take this distance to get airborne, or to come to a standstill after landing. Only one plane can land on or take off from a runway at a time. Specially trained officers, who sit in the control tower of the airport, strictly control the landing and take-off of aircraft. These air traffic controllers, as they are called, communicate with the pilots of the planes by radio. All modern planes are fitted with radar but the pilots still rely on the controllers to guide them. A mistake made by a controller in the tower may lead to a serious accident in which a large number of people may be injured or killed.4. Who controls the landing and take-off of aircraft at the airport?
Nowadays almost every city has an airport, even two, in the case of some big cities. Like a railway station, an airport is a very busy place. At almost any hour of the day or night it is thronged with people, many of whom are passengers either waiting for a departing flight or who have just landed. Today, a great number of people travel from one country to another by plane just as routinely as other people move from one town to another within the same country by train or bus. The large building in which passengers wait for their flight is called the passenger terminal. When a passenger arrives at the terminal, he goes to the counter of the airline that has arranged his trip. There he shows his ticket as proof that he has a booking on the particular flight. He also gives up his heavy luggage to be tagged and sent to the hold of the aircraft. If his ticket is in order, and his luggage is not overweight, he is issued with a card called a boarding pass which allows him admission onto the plane. Following the announcement that the plane is ready for boarding, departing passengers go through departure gates, which control the entrance and exit of people on and off the aircraft. At these gates, after they have shown their passports and their boarding pass has been checked, they are allowed to board the waiting aircraft. Aircraft lands and takes off on a runway made of concrete. The runway of a modern airport is about three kilometers in length, as large jet planes take this distance to get airborne, or to come to a standstill after landing. Only one plane can land on or take off from a runway at a time. Specially trained officers, who sit in the control tower of the airport, strictly control the landing and take-off of aircraft. These air traffic controllers, as they are called, communicate with the pilots of the planes by radio. All modern planes are fitted with radar but the pilots still rely on the controllers to guide them. A mistake made by a controller in the tower may lead to a serious accident in which a large number of people may be injured or killed.3. What should passengers do after the announcement is made that their plane is ready for boarding?
Nowadays almost every city has an airport, even two, in the case of some big cities. Like a railway station, an airport is a very busy place. At almost any hour of the day or night it is thronged with people, many of whom are passengers either waiting for a departing flight or who have just landed. Today, a great number of people travel from one country to another by plane just as routinely as other people move from one town to another within the same country by train or bus. The large building in which passengers wait for their flight is called the passenger terminal. When a passenger arrives at the terminal, he goes to the counter of the airline that has arranged his trip. There he shows his ticket as proof that he has a booking on the particular flight. He also gives up his heavy luggage to be tagged and sent to the hold of the aircraft. If his ticket is in order, and his luggage is not overweight, he is issued with a card called a boarding pass which allows him admission onto the plane. Following the announcement that the plane is ready for boarding, departing passengers go through departure gates, which control the entrance and exit of people on and off the aircraft. At these gates, after they have shown their passports and their boarding pass has been checked, they are allowed to board the waiting aircraft. Aircraft lands and takes off on a runway made of concrete. The runway of a modern airport is about three kilometers in length, as large jet planes take this distance to get airborne, or to come to a standstill after landing. Only one plane can land on or take off from a runway at a time. Specially trained officers, who sit in the control tower of the airport, strictly control the landing and take-off of aircraft. These air traffic controllers, as they are called, communicate with the pilots of the planes by radio. All modern planes are fitted with radar but the pilots still rely on the controllers to guide them. A mistake made by a controller in the tower may lead to a serious accident in which a large number of people may be injured or killed.2. When passengers arrive at the airport, they wait for their flight in the （ ）.
Nowadays almost every city has an airport, even two, in the case of some big cities. Like a railway station, an airport is a very busy place. At almost any hour of the day or night it is thronged with people, many of whom are passengers either waiting for a departing flight or who have just landed. Today, a great number of people travel from one country to another by plane just as routinely as other people move from one town to another within the same country by train or bus. The large building in which passengers wait for their flight is called the passenger terminal. When a passenger arrives at the terminal, he goes to the counter of the airline that has arranged his trip. There he shows his ticket as proof that he has a booking on the particular flight. He also gives up his heavy luggage to be tagged and sent to the hold of the aircraft. If his ticket is in order, and his luggage is not overweight, he is issued with a card called a boarding pass which allows him admission onto the plane. Following the announcement that the plane is ready for boarding, departing passengers go through departure gates, which control the entrance and exit of people on and off the aircraft. At these gates, after they have shown their passports and their boarding pass has been checked, they are allowed to board the waiting aircraft. Aircraft lands and takes off on a runway made of concrete. The runway of a modern airport is about three kilometers in length, as large jet planes take this distance to get airborne, or to come to a standstill after landing. Only one plane can land on or take off from a runway at a time. Specially trained officers, who sit in the control tower of the airport, strictly control the landing and take-off of aircraft. These air traffic controllers, as they are called, communicate with the pilots of the planes by radio. All modern planes are fitted with radar but the pilots still rely on the controllers to guide them. A mistake made by a controller in the tower may lead to a serious accident in which a large number of people may be injured or killed.1. How many airports are there in a city?
Research programs on flight-crew distractions have identified 34 different types of activities that have led to errors in the cockpit. Ninety percent of these fall into one of three broad categories: communication, head-down work, and responding to abnormal situations. A well-known example is the December 1972 crash of an Eastern Airlines on approach into Miami International Airport. The crew was so busy looking at a landing gear light and did not notice that someone had turned off the autopilot by mistake. A review was made of reports of accidents caused by crew error. Nearly half involved a loss of attention because of interruptions, distractions or thinking about one task and forgetting others. Several ideas help crews to prevent errors. Conversation is a powerful distracter so it must be kept brief at critical moments. Head-down tasks greatly reduce the ability to monitor what the other pilot and the aircraft are doing, so one pilot must be clearly assigned to flying pilot-flying (PF) and one to non flying responsibilities pilot-not-flying (PNF). Vital tasks need to be scheduled so that they will not conflict with another vital task. When two important tasks must be performed at the same time, the pilots must set up a scan and avoid letting attention linger too long on either duty. They must treat interruptions as red flags. Research into the way the brain works shows that people can only perform two tasks at the same time in a few circumstances, even if they are skillful in performing each task separately. Broadly speaking, humans have two mental systems with which they perform tasks, they wrote. One involves conscious control; the other is an automatic system that operates largely outside of conscious control. Conscious control is required when the task is new, difficult or dangerous; when an automatic process must be put aside to prevent habit capture going back to an old habit because a new system must be followed.5. When is conscious control required?
Research programs on flight-crew distractions have identified 34 different types of activities that have led to errors in the cockpit. Ninety percent of these fall into one of three broad categories: communication, head-down work, and responding to abnormal situations. A well-known example is the December 1972 crash of an Eastern Airlines on approach into Miami International Airport. The crew was so busy looking at a landing gear light and did not notice that someone had turned off the autopilot by mistake. A review was made of reports of accidents caused by crew error. Nearly half involved a loss of attention because of interruptions, distractions or thinking about one task and forgetting others. Several ideas help crews to prevent errors. Conversation is a powerful distracter so it must be kept brief at critical moments. Head-down tasks greatly reduce the ability to monitor what the other pilot and the aircraft are doing, so one pilot must be clearly assigned to flying pilot-flying (PF) and one to non flying responsibilities pilot-not-flying (PNF). Vital tasks need to be scheduled so that they will not conflict with another vital task. When two important tasks must be performed at the same time, the pilots must set up a scan and avoid letting attention linger too long on either duty. They must treat interruptions as red flags. Research into the way the brain works shows that people can only perform two tasks at the same time in a few circumstances, even if they are skillful in performing each task separately. Broadly speaking, humans have two mental systems with which they perform tasks, they wrote. One involves conscious control; the other is an automatic system that operates largely outside of conscious control. Conscious control is required when the task is new, difficult or dangerous; when an automatic process must be put aside to prevent habit capture going back to an old habit because a new system must be followed.4. Which of the following is WRONG according to this passage?
Research programs on flight-crew distractions have identified 34 different types of activities that have led to errors in the cockpit. Ninety percent of these fall into one of three broad categories: communication, head-down work, and responding to abnormal situations. A well-known example is the December 1972 crash of an Eastern Airlines on approach into Miami International Airport. The crew was so busy looking at a landing gear light and did not notice that someone had turned off the autopilot by mistake. A review was made of reports of accidents caused by crew error. Nearly half involved a loss of attention because of interruptions, distractions or thinking about one task and forgetting others. Several ideas help crews to prevent errors. Conversation is a powerful distracter so it must be kept brief at critical moments. Head-down tasks greatly reduce the ability to monitor what the other pilot and the aircraft are doing, so one pilot must be clearly assigned to flying pilot-flying (PF) and one to non flying responsibilities pilot-not-flying (PNF). Vital tasks need to be scheduled so that they will not conflict with another vital task. When two important tasks must be performed at the same time, the pilots must set up a scan and avoid letting attention linger too long on either duty. They must treat interruptions as red flags. Research into the way the brain works shows that people can only perform two tasks at the same time in a few circumstances, even if they are skillful in performing each task separately. Broadly speaking, humans have two mental systems with which they perform tasks, they wrote. One involves conscious control; the other is an automatic system that operates largely outside of conscious control. Conscious control is required when the task is new, difficult or dangerous; when an automatic process must be put aside to prevent habit capture going back to an old habit because a new system must be followed.3. The researchers’ suggestion is to （ ）.
Research programs on flight-crew distractions have identified 34 different types of activities that have led to errors in the cockpit. Ninety percent of these fall into one of three broad categories: communication, head-down work, and responding to abnormal situations. A well-known example is the December 1972 crash of an Eastern Airlines on approach into Miami International Airport. The crew was so busy looking at a landing gear light and did not notice that someone had turned off the autopilot by mistake. A review was made of reports of accidents caused by crew error. Nearly half involved a loss of attention because of interruptions, distractions or thinking about one task and forgetting others. Several ideas help crews to prevent errors. Conversation is a powerful distracter so it must be kept brief at critical moments. Head-down tasks greatly reduce the ability to monitor what the other pilot and the aircraft are doing, so one pilot must be clearly assigned to flying pilot-flying (PF) and one to non flying responsibilities pilot-not-flying (PNF). Vital tasks need to be scheduled so that they will not conflict with another vital task. When two important tasks must be performed at the same time, the pilots must set up a scan and avoid letting attention linger too long on either duty. They must treat interruptions as red flags. Research into the way the brain works shows that people can only perform two tasks at the same time in a few circumstances, even if they are skillful in performing each task separately. Broadly speaking, humans have two mental systems with which they perform tasks, they wrote. One involves conscious control; the other is an automatic system that operates largely outside of conscious control. Conscious control is required when the task is new, difficult or dangerous; when an automatic process must be put aside to prevent habit capture going back to an old habit because a new system must be followed.2. The Miami accident in December 1972 was caused by （ ）.
Research programs on flight-crew distractions have identified 34 different types of activities that have led to errors in the cockpit. Ninety percent of these fall into one of three broad categories: communication, head-down work, and responding to abnormal situations. A well-known example is the December 1972 crash of an Eastern Airlines on approach into Miami International Airport. The crew was so busy looking at a landing gear light and did not notice that someone had turned off the autopilot by mistake. A review was made of reports of accidents caused by crew error. Nearly half involved a loss of attention because of interruptions, distractions or thinking about one task and forgetting others. Several ideas help crews to prevent errors. Conversation is a powerful distracter so it must be kept brief at critical moments. Head-down tasks greatly reduce the ability to monitor what the other pilot and the aircraft are doing, so one pilot must be clearly assigned to flying pilot-flying (PF) and one to non flying responsibilities pilot-not-flying (PNF). Vital tasks need to be scheduled so that they will not conflict with another vital task. When two important tasks must be performed at the same time, the pilots must set up a scan and avoid letting attention linger too long on either duty. They must treat interruptions as red flags. Research into the way the brain works shows that people can only perform two tasks at the same time in a few circumstances, even if they are skillful in performing each task separately. Broadly speaking, humans have two mental systems with which they perform tasks, they wrote. One involves conscious control; the other is an automatic system that operates largely outside of conscious control. Conscious control is required when the task is new, difficult or dangerous; when an automatic process must be put aside to prevent habit capture going back to an old habit because a new system must be followed.1. Which of the following is NOT the main reason for pilot’s distraction?
